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Presidential election

1912 presidential election

Woodrow Wilson defeated Theodore Roosevelt, winning 435 of 531 electoral votes and 41.8% of the popular vote.

November 5, 1912

Woodrow Wilson

Democratic

Woodrow Wilson won the 1912 presidential election with 435 of 531 electoral votes, and 41.8% of the popular vote. Running mate: Thomas R. Marshall.

435
of 531 electoral votes
41.8%
popular vote
58.8%
turnout

Results

Vote breakdown
Woodrow WilsonDemocratic
41.8%(6.3M votes)
435 EV
Theodore RooseveltProgressive
27.4%(4.1M votes)
88 EV
William Howard TaftRepublican
23.2%(3.5M votes)
8 EV
Eugene V. DebsSocialist
6%(901.6K votes)
0 EV
Voter turnout

58.8%

Turnout rate

14.8M

Total votes cast

18.4M

Eligible voters

State results
StateElectoral votesWinnerMargin
New York(NY)45
DemocraticWilson
+14%
Pennsylvania(PA)38
ProgressiveRoosevelt
+3%
Ohio(OH)24
DemocraticWilson
+6%
California(CA)13
ProgressiveRoosevelt
+0.2%
Vermont(VT)4
RepublicanTaft
+0.9%
Swing states
California
Flipped
Electoral votes:13
Margin:0.2%
Previous:Taft
Ohio
Flipped
Electoral votes:24
Margin:6%
Previous:Taft

Candidates

Woodrow Wilson
Winner

Party

Democratic

Running mate

Thomas R. Marshall

Home state

New Jersey

Age at election

55

Previous position

Governor of New Jersey

Campaign slogan

"New Freedom"

Popular vote

6.3M

(41.8%)

Electoral votes

435

Theodore Roosevelt

Party

Progressive (Bull Moose)

Running mate

Hiram Johnson

Home state

New York

Age at election

54

Previous position

26th President of the United States

Campaign slogan

"A Covenant with the People"

Popular vote

4.1M

(27.4%)

Electoral votes

88

William Howard Taft

Party

Republican

Running mate

James S. Sherman

Home state

Ohio

Age at election

55

Previous position

27th President of the United States (Incumbent)

Popular vote

3.5M

(23.2%)

Electoral votes

8

Eugene V. Debs

Party

Socialist

Running mate

Emil Seidel

Home state

Indiana

Age at election

56

Previous position

Labor organizer

Popular vote

901.6K

(6%)

Electoral votes

0

Voting demographics

Progressive Voters

Roosevelt

45%

Conservative Republicans

Taft

65%

Democrats

Wilson

90%

Key events

Campaign timeline
major
October 14, 1912

Roosevelt Shot

Continued speech for 90 minutes after assassination attempt

major
June 1912

Republican Convention

Taft forces controlled despite TR's primary wins

Issues & context

Key campaign issues
Trust Regulation (New Freedom vs New Nationalism)
Tariff Reform
Banking Reform
Progressive vs Conservative Approaches
Labor and Social Reform
Historical context

Four-way race after TR-Taft split. Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party was most successful third party ever. Wilson won with only 42% of vote. Debs peaked at 6%. Progressive movement divided.

Economic conditions

Stable growth but progressive concerns about monopolies, banking, and labor conditions dominated debate. All candidates promised reform.

Incumbent factors

Taft repudiated by TR. Republican Party split guaranteed Democratic victory. Wilson benefited from divided opposition.

Legacy and impact

Wilson enacted major progressive reforms. Federal Reserve created. Income tax established. Bull Moose Party collapsed. Set stage for WWI involvement.

Did you know?

  • 1.Only election where third party finished second
  • 2.TR gave speech with bullet in chest
  • 3.Taft only president to later become Chief Justice
  • 4.Debs received 900,000 votes - Socialist peak
  • 5.Wilson won with lowest popular vote since Lincoln

This site explains the structure and history of U.S. federal elections and is not an official government resource. All data shown is for educational purposes only.