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Presidential election

1888 presidential election

Benjamin Harrison defeated Grover Cleveland, winning 233 of 401 electoral votes and 47.8% of the popular vote.

November 6, 1888

Benjamin Harrison

Republican

Benjamin Harrison won the 1888 presidential election with 233 of 401 electoral votes, and 47.8% of the popular vote. Running mate: Levi P. Morton.

233
of 401 electoral votes
47.8%
popular vote
79.3%
turnout

Results

Vote breakdown
Grover ClevelandDemocratic
48.6%(5.5M votes)
168 EV
Benjamin HarrisonRepublican
47.8%(5.4M votes)
233 EV
Voter turnout

79.3%

Turnout rate

11.0M

Total votes cast

11.2M

Eligible voters

State results
StateElectoral votesWinnerMargin
New York(NY)36
RepublicanHarrison
+1.1%
Pennsylvania(PA)30
RepublicanHarrison
+5.3%
Indiana(IN)15
RepublicanHarrison
+2.3%
Ohio(OH)23
RepublicanHarrison
+0.6%
New Jersey(NJ)9
DemocraticCleveland
+0.7%
Swing states
New York
Flipped
Electoral votes:36
Margin:1.1%
Previous:Cleveland
Indiana
Flipped
Electoral votes:15
Margin:2.3%
Previous:Cleveland

Candidates

Benjamin Harrison
Winner

Party

Republican

Running mate

Levi P. Morton

Home state

Indiana

Age at election

55

Previous position

U.S. Senator from Indiana

Popular vote

5.4M

(47.8%)

Electoral votes

233

Grover Cleveland

Party

Democratic

Running mate

Allen G. Thurman

Home state

New York

Age at election

51

Previous position

22nd President of the United States (Incumbent)

Popular vote

5.5M

(48.6%)

Electoral votes

168

Voting demographics

Northern States

Harrison

50%

Southern States

Cleveland

64%

Key events

Campaign timeline
moderate
September 1888

Murchison Letter

British minister's letter backfired on Cleveland

moderate
1888

'Blocks of Five' Scandal

Vote-buying allegations in Indiana

Issues & context

Key campaign issues
Tariff Policy (Key Issue)
Treasury Surplus
Veterans' Pensions
Civil Service
Currency
Historical context

Cleveland won popular vote but lost Electoral College. Tariff was central issue - Cleveland wanted reduction, Republicans wanted protection. Campaign focused on policy more than character.

Economic conditions

Economic prosperity. Treasury surplus was problem - debate over how to spend it. Tariff revenue exceeded needs. Industrial growth strong.

Incumbent factors

Cleveland popular but tariff position cost him industrial states. Harrison ran 'front porch' campaign. Vote-buying allegations in Indiana hurt Republicans' reputation.

Legacy and impact

Third election where popular vote loser won. Set stage for 1892 rematch. McKinley Tariff followed and hurt Republicans. Harrison administration undid some Cleveland reforms.

Did you know?

  • 1.Third time popular vote loser won presidency
  • 2.Cleveland won by 90,000 popular votes
  • 3.Harrison was grandson of President William Henry Harrison
  • 4.Cleveland would win rematch in 1892
  • 5.Only president to serve non-consecutive terms until Trump

This site explains the structure and history of U.S. federal elections and is not an official government resource. All data shown is for educational purposes only.