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Presidential election

1880 presidential election

James Garfield defeated Winfield Hancock, winning 214 of 369 electoral votes.

November 2, 1880

James Garfield

Republican

James Garfield won the 1880 presidential election with 214 of 369 electoral votes.

214
of 369 electoral votes
79.4%
turnout

Results

Vote breakdown
James A. GarfieldRepublican
48.3%(4.5M votes)
214 EV
Winfield Scott HancockDemocratic
48.2%(4.4M votes)
155 EV
James B. WeaverGreenback
3.4%(308.6K votes)
0 EV
Voter turnout

79.4%

Turnout rate

9.2M

Total votes cast

9.2M

Eligible voters

State results
StateElectoral votesWinnerMargin
New York(NY)35
RepublicanGarfield
+1.9%
Pennsylvania(PA)29
RepublicanGarfield
+1.7%
Ohio(OH)22
RepublicanGarfield
+3.4%
Indiana(IN)15
RepublicanGarfield
+6.6%
New Jersey(NJ)9
DemocraticHancock
+2%
Swing states
New York
Flipped
Electoral votes:35
Margin:1.9%
Previous:Tilden
Indiana
Flipped
Electoral votes:15
Margin:6.6%
Previous:Tilden

Candidates

James A. Garfield

Party

Republican

Running mate

Chester A. Arthur

Home state

Ohio

Age at election

48

Previous position

U.S. Representative from Ohio

Popular vote

4.5M

(48.3%)

Electoral votes

214

Winfield Scott Hancock

Party

Democratic

Running mate

William H. English

Home state

Pennsylvania

Age at election

56

Previous position

Major General, U.S. Army

Popular vote

4.4M

(48.2%)

Electoral votes

155

James B. Weaver

Party

Greenback

Running mate

B.J. Chambers

Home state

Iowa

Age at election

47

Previous position

U.S. Representative from Iowa

Popular vote

308.6K

(3.4%)

Electoral votes

0

Voting demographics

Northern States

Garfield

51%

Southern States

Hancock

60%

Key events

Campaign timeline
major
June 1880

Garfield Nominated

Dark horse emerged after 36 ballots at convention

major
July 2, 1881

Garfield Assassinated

Shot by disappointed office-seeker (died September)

Issues & context

Key campaign issues
Tariff Policy
Civil Service Reform
Chinese Immigration
Currency (Gold vs Greenbacks)
Southern Rights
Historical context

Closest popular vote in American history (0.1%). Both candidates were Civil War generals. Garfield was dark horse nominee. Post-Reconstruction election with 'Solid South' emerging.

Economic conditions

Recovery from Panic of 1873. Industrial growth resuming. Railroad expansion continuing. Labor unrest growing. Currency debate ongoing.

Incumbent factors

Hayes (one-term Republican) kept pledge not to run. Republican Party divided between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds. Democrats united behind war hero Hancock.

Legacy and impact

Garfield assassinated by 'disappointed office-seeker' led to civil service reform. Arthur succeeded and passed Pendleton Act. Closest popular vote ever (0.1%).

Did you know?

  • 1.Closest popular vote in U.S. history (0.1%)
  • 2.Garfield was last president born in log cabin
  • 3.Both candidates were Union generals
  • 4.Garfield assassinated less than 4 months into term
  • 5.Garfield nominated on 36th ballot

This site explains the structure and history of U.S. federal elections and is not an official government resource. All data shown is for educational purposes only.