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Presidential election

1860 presidential election

Abraham Lincoln defeated John C. Breckinridge, winning 180 of 303 electoral votes and 39.8% of the popular vote.

November 6, 1860

Abraham Lincoln

Republican

Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election with 180 of 303 electoral votes, and 39.8% of the popular vote. Running mate: Hannibal Hamlin.

180
of 303 electoral votes
39.8%
popular vote
81.2%
turnout

Results

Vote breakdown
Abraham LincolnRepublican
39.8%(1.9M votes)
180 EV
Stephen DouglasNorthern Democratic
29.5%(1.4M votes)
12 EV
John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democratic
18.1%(848.0K votes)
72 EV
John BellConstitutional Union
12.6%(590.9K votes)
39 EV
Voter turnout

81.2%

Turnout rate

4.7M

Total votes cast

4.7M

Eligible voters

State results
StateElectoral votesWinnerMargin
New York(NY)35
RepublicanLincoln
+7%
Pennsylvania(PA)27
RepublicanLincoln
+13.5%
Ohio(OH)23
RepublicanLincoln
+7%
Illinois(IL)11
RepublicanLincoln
+12%
South Carolina(SC)8
Southern DemocraticBreckinridge
+100%
Swing states
Pennsylvania
Flipped
Electoral votes:27
Margin:13.5%
Previous:Buchanan
Indiana
Flipped
Electoral votes:13
Margin:8%
Previous:Buchanan
Illinois
Flipped
Electoral votes:11
Margin:12%
Previous:Buchanan

Candidates

Abraham Lincoln
Winner

Party

Republican

Running mate

Hannibal Hamlin

Home state

Illinois

Age at election

51

Previous position

Former U.S. Representative from Illinois

Campaign slogan

"Vote Yourself a Farm"

Popular vote

1.9M

(39.8%)

Electoral votes

180

Stephen Douglas

Party

Northern Democratic

Running mate

Herschel V. Johnson

Home state

Illinois

Age at election

47

Previous position

U.S. Senator from Illinois

Campaign slogan

"Popular Sovereignty"

Popular vote

1.4M

(29.5%)

Electoral votes

12

John C. Breckinridge

Party

Southern Democratic

Running mate

Joseph Lane

Home state

Kentucky

Age at election

39

Previous position

14th Vice President

Campaign slogan

"Our Rights and Our Honor"

Popular vote

848.0K

(18.1%)

Electoral votes

72

John Bell

Party

Constitutional Union

Running mate

Edward Everett

Home state

Tennessee

Age at election

63

Previous position

Former U.S. Senator from Tennessee

Campaign slogan

"The Union, the Constitution, and the Enforcement of the Laws"

Popular vote

590.9K

(12.6%)

Electoral votes

39

Voting demographics

Free States

Lincoln

54%

Slave States

Breckinridge

45%

Border States

Bell

41%

Key events

Campaign timeline
major
May 18, 1860

Lincoln Nominated

Surprised convention by defeating Seward on third ballot

major
April 1860

Democratic Party Splits

Southern Democrats walked out, nominating Breckinridge

major
December 20, 1860

South Carolina Secedes

First state to leave Union after Lincoln's election

Issues & context

Key campaign issues
Slavery in the Territories
Secession Threats
States' Rights
Economic Policy (Tariffs)
Homestead Act
Transcontinental Railroad
Historical context

Most consequential election in American history. Four-way race reflected nation's division. Lincoln wasn't even on ballot in 10 Southern states. Election triggered Civil War.

Economic conditions

Relatively stable economy. Panic of 1857 had passed. Industrializing North vs agricultural South. Tariff debates reflected regional economic interests.

Incumbent factors

Buchanan (Democrat) did not seek reelection. Democratic Party split over slavery made Lincoln's victory possible despite winning only 39.8% of vote.

Legacy and impact

Triggered secession and Civil War. Republican Party became dominant for next 70 years. Slavery ultimately abolished. Nation preserved. Lincoln assassinated 5 years later.

Did you know?

  • 1.Lincoln won without a single Southern electoral vote
  • 2.Highest turnout in U.S. history (81.2%)
  • 3.Lincoln grew his iconic beard after 11-year-old girl suggested it
  • 4.Four-way race was only one in American history
  • 5.Lincoln won with lowest popular vote percentage of any winning candidate

This site explains the structure and history of U.S. federal elections and is not an official government resource. All data shown is for educational purposes only.